Alien Invasive Species in Knysna

Disclaimer: while every care has been taken in the preparation of the information contained herein, neither Gardening at Leisure or Admin of this website will be liable for any loss or damage arising out of or in connection with the information or any deficiencies in the information contained herein.

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Included in the list are some plants which are not listed in the Western Cape, however they are very common in many Knysna gardens and pose not only a toxicity threat but can become a garden escapee.

When removing the plants take care as some of the alien invasive species are poisonous, and some may cause extreme allergic reactions.

Level 3 (life-threatening effects threshold) Plants extremely toxic, has been known to cause injury, permanent disability, and in some cases, death.

Level 2 (escape-impairment threshold) Potentially very toxic, depending on the level of exposure.

Level 1 (mild effects threshold) Pollen or perfume from this plant can cause respiratory problems. Irritant to skin or eyes from sap.

ALWAYS WEAR PROTECTIVE GEAR WHEN HANDLING POISONOUS PLANTS OR HERBICIDES.

Alien Invasive Species in Knysna’s Surrounding Areas, Open Areas, Forest Fringes, Roadsides, and Gardens

Nemba listing	Scientific Name	Common Name	Cat.	Toxic Level	Scope of exemptions in terms of Section. 71A(1)
2	Acacia baileyana	Bailey’s wattle	3
3	Acacia cyclops	Red Eye	1b
6	Acacia elata	Pepper tree wattle	1b
9	Acacia longifolia	Long-leaved wattle	1b
10	Acacia mearnsii	Black wattle	2
11	Acacia melanoxylon	Australian blackwood	2
13	Acacia podalyriifolia	Pearl acacia	1b
15	Acacia saligna	Port Jackson willow	1b
17	Acer buergerianum	Chinese maple	3		Not listed in urban areas
18	Acer negundo	Ash-leaved maple	3		Sterile cultivars not listed
19	Agave Americana subsp. Americana var. Expansa	Spreading century plant	3	1
21	Ageratina adenophora	Crofton weed	1b	2
24	Ageratum houstonianum	Mexican ageratum	1b	2	Sterile cultivars not listed
29	Ailanthus altissima	Tree of heaven	1b	2
33	Alisma plantago-aquatica	Common water plantain	1b
35	Alpinia zerumbet	Shell ginger	3
37	Anredera cordifolia	Madeira vine	1b	2
38	Antigonon leptopus	Coral creeper	1b
40	Ardisia crenata	Coral berry	1b	2
42	Argemone mexicana	Yellow flowered Mexican poppy	1b	2
43	Argemone ochroleuca	White flowered Mexican poppy	1b	2
44	Aristolochia elegans	Dutchman’s pipe	1b
45	Arundo donax	Giant reed, Spanish reed	1b
51	Azolla filiculoides	Red water fern	1b
54	Bauhinia purpurea	Butterfly orchid tree	3
55	Bauhinia variegata	Orchid tree	3
56	Berberis thunbergia	Japanese barberry	3		Sterile cultivars not listed
58	Bryophyllum delagoense	Chandelier plant	1b	2
59	Bryophyllum pinnatum	Cathedral bells	1b	2
60	Bryophyllum proliferum	Mother of millions	1b	2
61	Buddleja davidii	Chinese sagewood	3		Sterile cultivars not listed
62	Buddleja madagascariensis	Madagascar sagewood	3	1
63	Caesalpinia gilliesii	Bird of paradise	1b	2
64	Callisia repens	Creeping Inch Plant	1b	2
65	Callistemon rigidus	Stiff leaved bottlebrush	1b
66	Callistemon viminalis	Weeping bottlebrush	3
72	Canna indica	Indian shot	1b		Sterile cultivars not listed
73	Cardiospermum grandiflorum	Balloon vine	1b
76	Casuarina cunninghamiana	Beefwood	2
78	Catharanthus roseus	Madagascar periwinkle	1b	2	Sterile Cultivars not listed
81	Centanthus ruber	Red valerian	1b
84	Cereus hildmannianus	Queen of the night	1b
87	Cestrum elegans	Crimson cestrum	1b	1
88	Cestrum laevigatum	Inkberry	1b	1
89	Cestrum parqui	Chilean cestrum	1b	1
93	Cinnamomum camphorata	Camphor tree	3	2
94	Cirsium vulgare	Scotch thirsle	1b	2
95	Convolvulus arvensis	Field bindweed	1b	2
96	Coreopsis lanceolata	Tickseed	1a		Sterile cultivars not listed
98	Cortaderia selloana	Pampas grass	1b	1	Sterile cultivars not listed
99	Cotoneaster franchetii	Cotoneaster	1b	2
101	Cotoneaster pannosus	Silver leaf showberry	1b	2
107	Cuscuta campestris	Common dodder	1b
116	Datura ferox	Large thorn apple	1b	3
118	Datura stramonium	Common thorn apple	1b	3
121	Duchesnea indica	Wild Strawberry	1b	1
122	Duranta erecta	Forget-me-not tree	1b	2
126 129	Echium plantagineum Eichhornia crassipes	Patterson’s curse Water hyacinth	1b 1b	2
132	Equisetum hyemale	Rough horsetail	1a	2
133	Eriobotrya japonica	Loquat	1b	1	WC & forest biome, not listed in urban gardens
137	Eucalyptus diversicolor	Karri	1b		*Applies to Eucalyptus:* Exempted for existing plantations 1b) Riparian areas, protected areas in terms of protected areas Act, or within a listed ecosystem. Fynbos, Grassland, Albany thicket and Indian Ocean Coastal Belt biomes.2)- plantations, woodlots, bee-forage areas, wind-rows and lining of avenues Not listed within cultivated land that is at least 50m away from untransformed land, but excluding within any area in above Not listed within 50m of the main house on a farm, excluding above Not listed in urban areas for trees with a diameter of more than 400mm at 1000mm height at the time of publishing this notice, but excluding in (a) above
138	Eucalyptus grandis	Saligna gum	1b		Exempted for existing plantations 1b) -Riparian areas, protected areas in terms of protected areas Act, or within a listed ecosystem.Fynbos, Grassland, Albany thicket and Indian Ocean Coastal Belt biomes.2)- plantations, woodlots, bee-forage areas, wind-rows and lining of avenues Not listed within cultivated land that is at least 50m away from untransformed land, but excluding within any area in above Not listed within 50m of the main house on a farm, excluding above Not listed in urban areas for trees with a diameter of more than 400mm at 1000mm height at the time of publishing this notice, but excluding in (a) above
148	Furcraea foetida	Mauritian hemp	1a	1
149	Genista monspessulana	Montpellier broom	1b	1
150	Gleditsia triacanthos	Honey locust	1b	1
152	Grevillea banksii	Australian crimson oak	1b	1
153	Grevillea robusta	Australian silver oak	3	1
157 158	Hakea salicifolia Hakea sericea	Willow hakea Silky hakea	1b 1b
163	Hedera canariensis subs. canariensis	Canary ivy, Madeira ivy	3	2	Sterile cultivars not listed
164	Hedera helix subsp helix	English Ivy	3	2	Sterile cultivars not listed
166	Hedychium coronarium	White ginger lily	1b
167	Hedychium flavescens	Yellow ginger lily	1b
168 169	Hedychium gardnerianum Homalanthus populifolius	Kahili ginger lily Bleeding heart tree	1b 1b	1
170	Houttuynia cordata	Chameleon plant	3
172	Hydrocleys numphoides	Water poppy	1a
174 175	Hypericum androsaemum Hypericum perforatum	Tutsan St. John’s wort	1b 2	2 2
176	Ipomoea alba	Moon flower	1b
178	Ipomoea indica	Morning glory	1b		Sterile cultivars not listed
179	Ipomoea purpurea	Morning glory	1b	2	Sterile cultivars not listed
180	Iris pseudacorus	Yellow flag	1a	1
186	Lantana –all seed producing sp.	Lantana	1b	3
188	Leptospermum laevigatum	Australian myrtle	1b
190	Ligustrum japonicum	Japanese wax-leaf privet	1b	2
191 192	Ligustrum lucidum Ligustrum ovalifolium	Chinese wax-leaf privet Californian privet	1b 1b	2 2
193 194	Ligustrum sinense Ligustrum vulgare	Chinese privet Common privet	1b 1b	2 2
197	Linaria vulgaris	Common toadflax	1b	1
200	Lonicera japonica	Hall’s honeysuckle	3	1
201	Ludwigia peruviana	Water primrose	1a
205	Malva dendromorpha	Tree mallow	1b
210	Melaleuca quinquenervia	Broadleaf paper bark	1b	1	National heritage trees
211	Melia azedarach	Syringa	1b	3	3 in Urban areas
216	Morus alba	Mulberry	3		Sterile cultivars not listed
218	Myoporum insulare	Manatoka	3	2
219	Myoporum laetum	New Zealand manatoka	3	2
220 221 226	Myoporum montanum Myriophyllum aquaticum Nasturtium officinale	Manatoka Parrots feather Watercress	3 1b 2	2
227	Nephrolepis cordifolia	Erect sword fern	1b
228	Nerium oleander	Oleander	1b	3
230	Nicandra physalodes	Apple of Peru	1b	2
231	Nicotiana glauca	Wild tobacco	1b	3
233 239	Nymphaea mexicana Opuntia ficus indica	Yellow water lily Sweet prickly pear	1b 1b		Spineless cultivars not listed
242 243 252	Opuntia microdasys Opuntia monocantha Paraserianthes lophanta	Bunny ears Drooping prickly pear Stink bean	1b 1b 1b	1 1 1
256	Passiflora caerulea	Blue passion flower	1b	2
258	Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima	Bananadilla	1b	2
261	Pauwlonia tomentosa	Empress tree	1a	1
263	Pennisetum clandestinum	Kikuyu grass	1b		1b In protected areas not listed elsewhere
265	Pennisetum setaceum	Fountain grass	1b		Sterile cultivars not listed
266	Pennisetum villosum	Feathertop	1b
267	Pereskia aculeata	Barbados gooseberry	1b	2
268	Persicaria capitata	Knotweed	1b
269	Phytolacca americana	American pokeweed	1b
270	Phytolacca dioica	Belhambra	3
271	Phytolacca octandra	Forest Inkberry	1b
272 273 274	Pinus canariensis Pinus elliotii Pinus halepensis	Canary pine Slashi pine Aleppo pine	2 2 2	1 1 1	Exempted for an existing plantation of sterile specimens
					Exempted for an existing plantation 2 for plantations and wind-rows1b elsewhere
276 277	Pinus pinaster Pinus radiata	Cluster pine Monterey pine	2 2	1 1	Existing plantations in Western Cape are exempted from undertaking a risk assessment in terms of section 71(2) of the Act prior to applying for a permit. 2 for plantations and wind-rows1b elsewhere
277	Pinus taeda	Loblolly pine	2	1	Existing plantations in Western Cape are exempted from undertaking a risk assessment in terms of section 71(2) of the Act prior to applying for a permit
280	Pistia stratiotes	Water lettuce	1b	1
281 282	Pittosporum crassifolium Pittosporum undulatum	Kar0, Stiff-leaved cheesewood Australian cheesewood	3 1b
283	Plectranthus barbatus var. grandis	Woolly plectranthus	1b	1
286	Pontederia cordata	Pickerel weed	1b
288	Populus x canescens	Grey poplar	2
292	Psidium cattleianum	Strawberry guava	1b

297	Pyracantha angustifolia	Yellow firethorn	1b		Sterile cultivars not listed
298	Pyracantha coccinea	Red firethorn	1b		Sterile cultivars not listed
303	Ricinus communis	Castor oil plant	2	3
305	Robinia pseudoacacia	Black locust	1b	2
306	Rosa rubiginosa	Eglantine rose	1b
307 309	Rubus cuneifolius Rubus flagellaris	American bramble Bramble	1b 1b
310	Rubus fruticosus	European blackberry	1b
313	Rumex acetosella	Sheep sorrel, Red sorrel	1a		Prince Edward & Marion Islands. Widespread in CX
320	Salvinia molesta	Kariba weed	1b
323	Sambucus nigra	European Elderberry	1b
328	Schinus terebinthifolius	Brazilian pepper tree	3	2
330	Senna didymobotrya	Peanut butter cassia	1b	2
334	Senna septemtrionalis	Arsenic bush, Smooth cassia	1b	1

335	Sesbania punicea	Red Sesbania	1b
338 339	Solanum elaeagnifolium Solanum mauritianum	Silver-leaf bitter apple Bugweed	1b 1b	3 2
340	Solanum pseudocapsicum	Jerusalem Cherry	1b	2
342 345	Solanum sisymbriifolium Spartium junceum	Dense-thorned bitter apple Spanish broom	1b 1b	1 2
346	Spathodea campanulata	African flame tree	3	1	Not listed in WC, but very toxic to bees
347	Sphagneticola trilobata	Singapore daisy	3	1
355	Tamarix chinensis	Chinese tamarix	1b
357	Tamarix ramosissima	Pink tamarix	1b
356	Tecoma stans	Yellow bells	1b
361	Tipuana tipu	Tipu tree	3
366	Tradescantia fluminensis	Wandering Jew	1b
367	Tradescantia zebrina	Wandering Jew	1b
372	Verbena bonariensis	Purple top	1b
374	Vinca major	Greater periwinkle	1b		Sterile cultivars not listed
375	Vinca minor	Lesser periwinkle	1b		Sterile cultivars not listed
378	Xanthium spinosum	Spiny cocklebur	1b